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Mengenal Infeksi Jamur Hitam yang Memperparah Pasien Covid-19 di India

Mengenal Infeksi Jamur Hitam yang Memperparah Pasien Covid-19 di India

Bagikan :

Beberapa pekan lalu, India menjadi sorotan dunia setelah mengalami lonjakan kasus pasien Covid-19. Lonjakan kasus ini membuat rumah sakit dan tempat perawatan kesehatan di India kehabisan oksigen dan tempat tidur. Tak hanya itu, sejumlah pasien Covid-19 di India juga dilaporkan mengalami infeksi jamur hitam yang memperparah kondisi pasien. Apa itu infeksi jamur hitam dan bagaimana dampaknya pada pasien Covid-19?

 

Infeksi jamur hitam pada pasien Covid-19 di India

Jamur hitam atau mucormycosis adalah salah satu jenis infeksi jamur yang serius. Meskipun kasus infeksi jamur hitam terbilang jarang, namun jika dibiarkan tanpa penanganan maka dapat menyebabkan akibat fatal. Infeksi ini dapat mengancam nyawa dan memiliki angka kematian berkisar 49-96 persen bergantung pada tingkat keparahannya.

Infeksi jamur hitam disebabkan oleh kelompok jamur mucormycetes yang dapat menyerang saluran sinus, paru-paru, kulit, dan otak. Anda dapat terinfeksi jamur hitam dengan menghirup atau terpapar jamur mukosa yang biasa dijumpai di tanah, sayuran yang membusuk, kotoran burung dan hewan, serta udara dan lingkungan yang lembap.

Infeksi ini dapat menyerang berbagai kalangan usia. Umumnya, penyakit ini tidak akan menginfeksi orang yang memiliki daya tahan tubuh baik. Namun, bagi orang yang memiliki kekebalan tubuh lemah seperti penderita diabetes, pasien kanker atau orang dengan HIV/AIDS berisiko tinggi untuk terinfeksi jamur hitam.

Di India, lonjakan kasus infeksi jamur hitam banyak dijumpai pada pasien Covid-19 dengan komorbid diabetes. Selain itu, dugaan peningkatan kasus infeksi jamur hitam juga dikaitkan dengan penggunaan steroid pada pasien Covid-19. Penggunaan steroid untuk menghindari komplikasi akibat Covid-19 telah lazim digunakan di berbagai negara. Saat pasien menerima dosis steroid kuat, kekebalan dapat menurun dan kadar gula meningkat sehingga meningkatkan risiko munculnya infeksi jamur hitam.

 

Penanganan infeksi jamur hitam pada pasien Covid-19

Menurut para ahli, penting untuk melakukan diagnosis dan intervensi sedini mungkin untuk mencegah penyebaran infeksi jamur. Gejala awal infeksi jamur hitam berbeda-beda, tergantung dari lokasi di mana jamur ini tumbuh.

Untuk jamur hitam yang tumbuh di area sinus dan otak, gejala umumnya adalah wajah bengkak sebelah, sakit kepala, demam, dan hidung atau sinus tersumbat. Sedangkan, pada jamur hitam yang tumbuh di paru-paru, gejala yang muncul adalah demam, batuk, nyeri dada dan sesak napas.

Jika jamur hitam yang tumbuh di kulit, maka gejala yang muncul berupa bintil atau lepuhan dan membuat kulit yang terinfeksi berwarna hitam. Sedangkan jika pasien mengalami nyeri di sekitar perut, mual dan muntah serta pendarahan di saluran pencernaan maka kemungkinan jamur hitam telah menginfeksi di area pencernaan.

Langkah pertama untuk mengobati mucormycosis adalah dengan memberikan infus obat antijamur dan menjalani pembedahan atau pemotongan jaringan yang terinfeksi. Pengangkatan jaringan yang terinfeksi terbukti dapat mencegah penyebaran infeksi lebih jauh. Jika tubuh memberikan respon baik pada obat antijamur intravena, kemungkinan dokter akan memberikan obat antijamur oral untuk diminum.

 

Pencegahan infeksi jamur hitam

Infeksi jamur hitam ini tidak menular dari manusia ke manusia, sehingga Anda tidak akan mendapatkan infeksi secara langsung dari pasien yang mengalaminya. Oleh karena itu, cara pencegahan terbaik ialah dengan menjaga kebersihan diri.

Para ahli menyatakan bahwa potensi munculnya jamur bisa ditemukan di mana-mana, termasuk dinding rumah yang lembap. Untuk itu, menjaga kebersihan lingkungan dan mencegah rumah menjadi lembap adalah hal yang mutlak dilakukan.

Selain itu, dikarenakan kondisi pandemi Covid-19 yang saat ini melanda,  para ahli wabah menekankan untuk tetap disiplin menggunakan masker. Masker bukan hanya melindungi diri dari percikan ludah yang dapat menyebarkan virus Covid-19 namun juga mampu mencegah jamur. Selebihnya, tetap lakukan protokol kesehatan dan bagi pengidap diabetes agar tetap melakukan pemeriksaan gula darah secara rutin.

 

Writer: Ratih

Edited By: dr. Ayu Munawaroh

Last Updated: 02/06/2021

 

Sumber:

https://www.healthline.com/health/mucormycosis

https://www.healthline.com/health-news/what-we-know-about-the-illness-that-has-sickened-hundreds-in-india

https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/mucormycosis/symptoms.html

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      Hints
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:55
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:156
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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