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  • Mengenal Hiperosmia, Ketika Indra Penciuman Menjadi Super Sensitif

Mengenal Hiperosmia, Ketika Indra Penciuman Menjadi Super Sensitif

Mengenal Hiperosmia, Ketika Indra Penciuman Menjadi Super Sensitif

Bagikan :

Anda mungkin sudah mengenal anosmia atau hiposmia dimana seseorang kehilangan fungsi indra penciumannya. Kebalikan dari anosmia, ternyata seseorang juga bisa mengalami hidung yang sangat sensitif pada bau-bau tertentu yang disebut hiperosmia. Apa penyebab hiperosmia dan apa dampaknya bagi tubuh? Simak ulasannya di sini.

 

Apa itu hiperosmia?

Jika anosmia atau hiposmia adalah kondisi di mana seseorang tidak bisa mencium aroma sesuatu, maka kebalikannya, hiperosmia, adalah kondisi penciuman seseorang sangat sensitif. Dilansir dari Healthline, pada orang yang mengidap hiperosmia, aroma seperti parfum dan produk pembersih lainnya juga dapat menyebabkan rasa ketidaknyamanan. Pada kondisi parah, orang yang mengalami hiperosmia dapat menyebabkan kecemasan dan depresi.

 

Penyebab hiperosmia

Dilansir dari laman Health Cleveland Clinic, kondisi hiperosmia terbilang sangat jarang terjadi dan belum diketahui penyebabnya. Namun ada beberapa kondisi yang diduga dapat menyebabkan terjadinya hiperosmia yaitu:

1. Kehamilan

Salah satu perubahan pada kehamilan adalah indra penciuman yang semakin sensitif. Kondisi ini dapat memicu sakit kepala, mual dan muntah pada trimester pertama kehamilan. Kondisi ini juga sering dikaitkan dengan hiperemesis gravidarum, yaitu mual dan muntah seperti morning sickness yang cukup parah dan terkadang membutuhkan rawat inap di rumah sakit. Umumnya gejala ini hanya terjadi selama kehamilan dan mereda setelah persalinan.

2. Migrain

Migrain dan hiperosmia saling berkaitan. Migrain dapat disebabkan oleh hiperosmia, begitu juga sebaliknya. Pada sebuah penelitian ditemukan adanya penciuman yang tajam pada 25-50% pasien migrain. Perubahan sensasi penciuman ini dapat dirasakan sebelum serangan migrain, sebagai aura, atau pada saat serangan migrain.

3. Penyakit autoimun

Kondisi autoimun seperti penyakit Addison juga dapat memengaruhi penciuman seseorang. Makin tajamnya penciuman seseorang dapat disebabkan karena gangguan kelenjar adrenal yang tidak menghasilkan cukup hormon sehingga memicu penyakit Addison.

4. Masalah saraf

Masalah saraf seperti multiple sclerosis, Parkinson, Alzheimer dan epilepsi diketahui dapat memengaruhi saraf dan indra perasa juga penciuman. Pada kasus yang jarang terjadi, tumbuhnya polip dan tumor pada rongga hidung atau kepala dapat memengaruhi saraf penciuman.

5. Lyme disease

Lyme disease adalah infeksi bakteri yang ditandai dengan ruam yang membentuk mirip pola lingkaran sasaran tembak, ruam ini disertai nyeri sendi yang lemas dan gejala lain mirip flu. Selain manifestasi pada kulit, infeksi ini dapat menyerang beberapa bagian tubuh lainnya dan menyebabkan gejala. Dalam sebuah studi, 50% pasien lyme disease mengalami peningkatan sensitivitas indra penciuman.

 

Indra penciuman dan indra perasa saling berkaitan. Ketika penciuman Anda semakin sensitif, indra perasa Anda juga kemungkinan ikut berubah menjadi lebih sensitif. Akibatnya, Anda mungkin akan kehilangan nafsu makan pada satu jenis makanan tertentu akibat aromanya.

Untuk mendiagnosis hiperosmia, dokter mungkin akan melakukan serangkaian tes seperti nasal endoscopy, CT Scan, MRI, serta sip, spit and rinse tes. Setelah diketahui penyebab hiperosmia yang dialami, baru dokter meredakan sejumlah terapi yang dibutuhkan.

 

Writer: Ratih 

Edited by: dr. Nadya Hambali

Last updated: 20-Juli-2021

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:55
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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    • menu_hover.blade.php#156mydatabase3.03msselect * from `videos` where `status` = 1 order by `updated_at` desc limit 1
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:156
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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