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  • Sama-Sama Sesak Napas, Ini Beda Gejala Asma dan Covid-19

Sama-Sama Sesak Napas, Ini Beda Gejala Asma dan Covid-19

Sama-Sama Sesak Napas, Ini Beda Gejala Asma dan Covid-19

Bagikan :

Baik penyakit asma dan COVID-19 sama-sama dapat menunjukkan gejala sesak napas. Jika COVID-19 disebabkan oleh infeksi virus, sesak napas pada asma disebabkan oleh reaksi alergi. Selain dapat dibedakan dari penyebabnya, ada beberapa gejala lain yang membedakan sesak napas pada asma dan sesak napas karena COVID-19.

 

Beda gejala pada Asma dan COVID-19

Asma COVID-19
Tidak demam Demam di atas 38°C
Batuk yang terdengar jelas disertai mengi (napas ngik-ngik) Batuk dengan atau tanpa mengi (napas ngik-ngik)
Sesak Sesak
Hidung tersumbat dan/atau dada terasa sempit Hidung tersumbat
Sesak semakin berat saat bicara Mual, muntah, atau diare
Tidak dapat beraktivitas sehari-sehari Ngilu-ngilu pada otot atau tulang
  Nafsu makan berkurang
  Bengkak atau ruam (bercak kemerahan) pada tangan atau kaki
  Kehilangan indra pengecap dan penghidu

Asma

Asma adalah penyakit akibat reaksi alergi yang menyebabkan peradangan pada saluran napas dan akhirnya membuatnya bengkak. Saluran pernapasan kemudian menyempit sehingga udara yang masuk ke paru-peru terbatas dan timbullah sesak napas disertai mengi atau bunyi ngik-ngik.

Alergen atau pemicu reaksi alergi pada Asma umumnya adalah sesuatu yang mudah ditemui sehari-hari seperti suhu dingin, debu, asap rokok, makanan, bahkan susu bubuk. Setiap pengidap Asma dipicu oleh alergen yang berbeda, oleh sebab itu Anda harus memperhatikan kemungkinan alergen Anda atau anak Anda.

Asma yang hanya kambuh di malam hari, atau saat melakukan olahraga tertentu saja, bisa disebabkan oleh pemicu suhu dingin akibat udara malam atau baju yang basah karena keringat. Asma juga dapat diperberat oleh infeksi saluran napas atas (ISPA) atau flu, akibat produksi lendir saat infeksi tersebut terjadi. Produksi lendir atau mukus yang lebih banyak membuat saluran napas semakin menyempit.

Penanganan asma bergantung keparahan gejala yang diderita pengidapnya. Pengobatan difokuskan pada obat hirup (inhaler) pengendali atau kontroler yang mencegah gejala, dan konsumsi obat minum seperti salbutamol atau formoterol.

Karena Asma merupakan salah satu reaksi alergi yang menyebabkan peradangan, maka salah satu ciri yang membedakan antara sesak napas asma dengan COVID-19 adalah pada asma selalu dipicu oleh alergen. Gejala umum sesak napas pada Asma di antaranya:

  • sesak disertai batuk
  • mengi (bunyi napas ngik-ngik)
  • dada terasa sempit
  • dipicu alergen sebelumnya

 

COVID-19

Sesak pada COVID-19 disebabkan karena virus, bukan karena alergi. Sesak napas pada COVID-19 ditandai dengan gejala infeksi lainnya seperti: demam, flu, batuk, pilek, ngilu-ngilu pada otot atau sendi, sakit kepala, radang tenggorokan atau nyeri menelan, bahkan diare. Umumnya gejala COVID-19 juga disertai kehilangan indra pengecap dan penghidu.

Pada Asma, sesak napas akan mereda setelah diberi obat hirup kontroler. Namun pada COVID-19, jika sistem imun pasien baik, gejala akan membaik umumnya dalam 7 hari. Setelah dinyatakan sembuh dari COVID-19, terkadang penyintas COVID-19 juga masih sering merasakan sesak napas. Hal ini belum diketahui pasti penyebabnya, namun diduga karena sitokin yang merusak sel-sel pada sistem pernapasan.

 

Benarkah pengidap Asma akan merasakan sesak napas lebih berat jika juga mengidap COVID-19?

Pengidap Asma dengan instensitas sedang dan berat memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengalami komplikasi akibat COVID-19. Jika pengidap Asma terkonfirmasi positif COVID-19, maka sebaiknya lakukan isolasi mandiri jika tidak bergejala ringan, atau dirawat inap di rumah sakit jika muncul gejala sesak napas. Saat isolasi maupun perawatan, tetap konsumsi dan gunakan obat rutin Asma sesuai yang anjuran dokter dan selalu sediakan obat hirup pelega Asma (reliever) di kantung atau dekat Anda.

 

Writer: Ratih

Edited by: dr. Anita Larasati Priyono

Last updated: 22-June-2021

 

Sumber:

  1. Allergy & Asthma Network. COVID-19 vs. Asthma: How to Tell the Difference. https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/news/covid-19-vs-asthma/ 
  2. Global Initiative for Asthma: A Pocket Guide for Health Professionals. 2021. https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Pocket-Guide-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
  3. Johnston SL. Asthma and COVID-19: Is asthma a risk factor for severe outcomes? Allergy. 2020 Jul;75(7):1543-1545. doi: 10.1111/all.14348. PMID: 32358994; PMCID: PMC7267381.
  4. Liu S, Zhi Y, Ying S. COVID-19 and Asthma: Reflection During the Pandemic. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2020 Aug;59(1):78-88. doi: 10.1007/s12016-020-08797-3. PMID: 32468411.
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8mydatabase6.08msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8459 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8459
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase5.89msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2004 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2004
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase5.91msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6861 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6861
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase6.19msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1578 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1578
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase5.99msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3740 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3740
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase5.9msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7486 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7486
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase6.08msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 353 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 353
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11mydatabase740μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 4 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 4
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9930
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:53
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:55
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • menu_hover.blade.php#156mydatabase2.54msselect * from `videos` where `status` = 1 order by `updated_at` desc limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:156
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:221
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:357
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:361
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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