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  • Mengenal Anovulasi, Ketika Sel Telur Tidak Terlepas dari Indung Telur saat Ovulasi

Mengenal Anovulasi, Ketika Sel Telur Tidak Terlepas dari Indung Telur saat Ovulasi

Mengenal Anovulasi, Ketika Sel Telur Tidak Terlepas dari Indung Telur saat Ovulasi
Credit: Freepik. Gambar alat reproduksi wanita

Bagikan :

Dalam kondisi normal, setiap wanita akan mengalami ovulasi atau pelepasan sel telur di setiap bulannya. Pelepasan sel telur ini merupakan bagian dari persiapan kehamilan, menunggu sel telur dibuahi oleh sel sperma. Ketika tidak terjadi pembuahan, sel telur akan luruh dengan sendirinya dan terjadilah menstruasi.

Namun pada beberapa kasus, wanita dapat mengalami kondisi dimana sel indung telur tidak mengalami ovulasi atau pelepasan sel telur. Hal ini dikenal dengan istilah anovulasi. Jika anovulasi terus berlangsung dalam jangka panjang, kondisi ini dapat menyebabkan ketidaksuburan.

 

Anovulasi dan Gangguan Kesuburan

Anovulasi adalah gangguan pada sistem reproduksi di mana ovarium tidak melepaskan sel telur selama siklus menstruasi. Karena tidak ada sel telur yang dilepaskan, maka pembuahan tidak dapat terjadi. Dilansir dari Verywell Family, anovulasi jangka panjang (kronis) merupakan salah satu penyebab utama dari ketidaksuburan pada perempuan.

Anovulasi sering dikaitkan dengan siklus menstruasi yang tidak teratur. Namun hal ini tidak selalu menjadi gejala utama anovulasi. Pada dasarnya menstruasi terjadi karena peluruhan sel telur. Jika tidak ada sel tlur yang dilepaskan, maka tidak akan ada menstruasi.

Meskipun demikian, Anda dapat mengalami perdarahan selama siklus menstruasi. Hanya saja, darah yang keluar tersebut adalah perdarahan uterus abnormal yang kerap disalahartikan sebagai menstruasi.

 

Penyebab Anovulasi

Anovulasi adalah hal yang kompleks dan dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai macam faktor. Anovulasi dapat disebabkan oleh pengaruh hormon, gangguan kerja organ, dan lain-lain. Beberapa hal yang dapat menyebabkan anovulasi antara lain:

1. PCOS atau sindrom ovarium polikistik

PCOS merupakan salah satu penyebab utama anovulasi. PCOS menyebabkan wanita tidak mengalami ovulasi atau ovulasi tidak teratur. PCOS juga dikaitkan dengan ketidakseimbangan hormon testosteron yang menyebabkan tumbuhnya rambut di tempat yang tidak diinginkan dan pertumbuhan jerawat berlebihan.

2. Pengaruh usia

Anovulasi juga dapat dialami oleh remaja yang baru mulai mengalami menstruasi. Selain itu anovulasi juga bisa dialami pada wanita yang berusia pra lansia dan mendekati masa menopause. Siklus anovulasi yang terjadi pada masa ini dapat disebabkan oleh ketidakseimbangan hormon.

3. Obesitas

Sebuah penelitian di tahun 2016 mengungkapkan bahwa wanita tidak subur dengan gangguan kesuburan juga mengalami obesitas atau berat badan terlalu rendah. Obesitas menyebabkan gangguan pelepasan hormon GnRH (Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone), FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) dan LH (Luteinizing Hormone) yang bertugas menstimulasi sel telur sehingga gagguan tersebut menyebabkan anovulasi. Sedangkan pada wanita yang berat badannya terlalu rendah dapat menyebabkan gangguan kelenjar pituari yang mengakibatkan rendahnya kadar FSH dan LH.

4. Stres

Gangguan kecemasan dan stres yang konsisten serta tidak dikelola dengan baik juga berkaitan dengan pelepasan hormon GnRH, LH dan FSH yang menyebabkan gangguan ovulasi. Akibatnya, menstruasi sering terlewat dan mengganggu kesuburan.

5. Faktor genetik

Pada beberapa kasus, anovulasi juga dapat disebabkan oleh mutasi gen yang menyebabkan indung telur tidak kunjung melepaskan sel telur. Biasanya hal ini banyak dijumpai pada wanita dengan gangguan polikistik ovarium.

Selain faktor di atas, anovulasi juga dapat disebabkan oleh gaya hidup lainnya seperti kebiasaan olahraga berlebih dan konsumsi obat-obatan tertentu.

 

Cara Mengatasi Anovulasi

Kondisi anovulasi umumnya bukan merupakan kondisi permanen dan dapat disembuhkan dengan berbagai terapi. Terapi yang dilakukan disesuaikan dengan penyebab seseorang mengalami gangguan anovulasi. Beberapa terapi yang bisa diberikan antara lain:

  • Perubahan gaya hidup, yaitu dengan berolahraga secukupnya, menjaga berat badan seimbang, dan menjaga asupan nutrisi dengan makanan sehat
  • Mengelola stres dengan baik. Lakukan latihan relaksasi, olahraga dan kegiatan lain yang menyenangkan sebagai penyaluran stres untuk hal yang positif
  • Konsumsi obat-obatan. Dokter juga dapat meresepkan obat-obatan yang berkhasiat untuk meningkatkan estrogen, membantu pelepasan sel telur dan mematangkan folikel.

 

Anovulasi merupakan masalah sistem reproduksi yang dapat menyebabkan ketidaksuburan. Jika Anda mengalami gejala anovulasi seperti menstruasi tidak teratur, menstruasi deras atau sangat sedikit, serta lendir vagina kering saat masa ovulasi, maka sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter. Deteksi dini pada anovulasi dapat membantu Anda mengatasi masalah kesuburan di masa mendatang.

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 08:48

Cleveland Clinic. Anovulation. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21698-anovulation#

WebMD Editorial Contributors. What is Anovulation?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/infertility-and-reproduction/what-is-anovulation

Berry, J. (2017). Anovulation: All you need to know. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318552

 

Guverich, R. (2020). Anovulation and Ovulatory Dysfunction. Available from: https://www.verywellfamily.com/anovulation-and-ovulatory-dysfunction-1959926

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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 2629
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase5.95msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2611 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase4.88msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6852 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 4844
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase4.85msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1894 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:156
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:357
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:361
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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