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Ada Dua Jenis Ketidaksuburan: Infertilitas Primer dan Sekunder, Apa Bedanya?

Ada Dua Jenis Ketidaksuburan: Infertilitas Primer dan Sekunder, Apa Bedanya?
Credit: Freepik

Bagikan :

Masalah kesuburan selalu menjadi mimpi buruk bagi setiap pasangan yang ingin memiliki anak. Bahkan bagi pasangan yang sudah memiliki anak pun tidak terlepas dari masalah kesuburan. Dalam medis, dikenal dua jenis kondisi ketidaksuburan yaitu infertilitas primer dan infertilitas sekunder. Untuk mengetahui perbedaan keduanya, simak ulasan berikut:

 

Perbedaan Antara Infertilitas Primer dan Sekunder

Kehadiran buah hati dalam keluarga menjadi sumber kebahagiaan tersendiri. Karenanya, banyak pasangan suami istri yang menjalani program hamil untuk dapat segera mendapatkan momongan. Namun terkadang beberapa pasangan yang sudah lama mempersiapkan kehamilan cukup lama belum juga dikaruniai keturunan. Bila Anda dan pasangan mengalami hal tersebut, sebaiknya memeriksakan kondisi kesuburan masing-masing.

Dilansir Cleveland Clinic, ada dua jenis ketidaksuburan (infertilitas), yaitu:

  • Infertilitas primer, adalah kondisi dimana pasangan belum berhasil memiliki anak sesudah satu tahun berhubungan seksual rutin tanpa memakai alat kontrasepsi dalam bentuk apa pun.
  • Infertilitas sekunder, adalah kondisi dimana pasangan sudah memiliki anak sebelumnya tetapi belum memiliki anak lagi setelah satu tahun berhubungan seksual rutin tanpa memakai alat kontrasepsi apa pun.

 

Penyebab Infertilitas Primer dan Sekunder

 

Infertilitas Primer

Kondisi ketidaksuburan dapat disebabkan oleh banyak hal, baik pengaruh fisik maupun emosional. Dilansir dari Medline Plus, seorang wanita dapat dikatakan infertilitas jika mengalami masalah berikut:

  • Telur atau embrio yang dibuahi tidak bertahan hidup setelah menempel pada lapisan rahim
  • Sel telur yang telah dibuahi tidak menempel pada dinding rahim
  • Telur tidak dapat berpindah dari ovarium ke rahim
  • Ovarium memiliki masalah dalam memproduksi telur

Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh banyak hal, seperti:

  • Gaya hidup (merokok, minum alkohol, makan makanan tidak sehat)
  • Mengalami gangguan makan atau asupan nutrisi yang buruk
  • Ketidakseimbangan hormon
  • Kelebihan atau kekurangan berat badan
  • Masalah kesehatan lainnya (diabetes, tumor, PCOS, tiroid, endometriosis, dan lain lain)

Sedangkan pada pria, kondisi ketidaksuburan ditandai dengan:

  • Jumlah sperma sedikit atau kurang
  • Adanya sumbatan pada saluran keluarnya sperma
  • Cacat pada sperma

Kondisi ini dapat disebabkan oleh paparan panas berkepanjangan pada area penis, kelainan sejak lahir, pengaruh obat-obatan seperti terapi dan radiasi, ketidakseimbangan hormon, berat badan, usia dan gaya hidup yang tidak sehat.

 

Infertilitas Sekunder

Infertilitas sekunder terjadi ketika pasangan yang sudah memiliki anak sebelumnya belum berhasil memiliki anak lagi setelah satu tahun menjalani program hamil tanpa memakai alat kontrasepsi apa pun. Kondisi ini juga dialami oleh pasangan yang mengalami keguguran berulang setelah kehamilan sebelumnya. Penyebab utama infertilitas sekunder belum dapat diketahui dengan pasti, namun hal ini berkaitan dengan perubahan kondisi setelah melahirkan anak pertama.

Dilansir Mayo Clinic, beberapa penyebab infertilitas sekunder antara lain:

  • Masalah dengan sperma, seperti sperma tidak cukup atau sperma tidak bergerak dengan benar
  • Kerusakan tuba falopi yang mencegah sel telur berjalan ke rahim atau sperma bertemu sel telur
  • Masalah dengan pelepasan sel telur dari ovarium
  • Jaringan parut dari endometriosis, di mana jaringan yang mirip dengan jaringan yang melapisi bagian dalam rahim tumbuh di luar rahim 
  • Kondisi rahim, seperti fibroid rahim atau adenomiosis
  • Komplikasi yang terkait dengan kehamilan atau operasi sebelumnya
  • Perubahan faktor risiko untuk Anda atau pasangan Anda, seperti usia, berat badan dan penggunaan obat-obatan tertentu


Infertilitas bisa terjadi pada pria maupun wanita dan dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai hal. Jika Anda dan pasangan merasa ada masalah ketidaksuburan, maka sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter untuk mendapat penanganan.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 16:14

Medline Plus. Infertility. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001191.htm

Cleveland Clinic. Infertility Causes. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16083-infertility-causes

Cleveland Clinic. Secondary Infertility. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21139-secondary-infertility#

Mayo Clinic. Secondary Infertility. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infertility/expert-answers/secondary-infertility/faq-20058272

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase6.51msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9849 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase6.51msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7379 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7379
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 7542
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase6.67msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3555 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:55
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:156
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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