Muntaber pada Anak: Penyebab, Penularan dan Cara Mengatasinya

Muntaber pada Anak: Penyebab, Penularan dan Cara Mengatasinya
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Salah satu penyakit yang banyak dialami anak-anak adalah muntaber. Muntaber atau yang dikenal dengan istilah gastroenteritis ditandai dengan muntah dan diare. Kondisi ini umumnya tidak bersifat serius, namun apabila tidak ditangani dengan tepat, si kecil dapat kekurangan nutrisi dan mengalami dehidrasi.

 

Penyebab Muntaber pada Anak-Anak

Muntaber atau gastroenteritis adalah terjadinya peradangan di saluran pencernaan aikubat infeksi virus, bakteri atau parasit. Pada anak-anak, muntaber umumnya disebabkan oleh infeksi rotavirus atau norovirus. Biasanya penyakit ini lebih banyak diderita anak-anak karena daya tahan tubuhnya belum berkembang sempurna.

Muntaber juga dapat disebabkan oleh bakteri atau parasit pada makanan dan air yang dikonsumsi. Selain itu, penggunaan obat-obatan tertentu juga dapat menyebabkan muntaber. Anak yang muntaber ditandai dengan gejala mual atau muntah, diare, nyeri di perut dan terkadang diiringi demam.

 

Penularan Muntaber pada Anak-Anak

Umumnya, muntah dan diare tidak menular. Namun pada muntaber yang disebabkan oleh infeksi norovirus, penyakit ini dapat menular dengan cepat. Beberapa penularan muntaber di antaranya:

  • Melalui kontak langsung. Virus penyebab muntaber dapat menular melalui kontak langsung seperti sentuhan atau bersalaman dengan orang yang sakit dan terinfeksi virus tersebut.
  • Berbagai makanan dan minuman yang sudah terkontaminasi. Anak-anak dapat tertular muntaber dari mengonsumsi makanan atau minuman yang tidak higienis dan mengandung virus atau kuman penyebab muntaber. Sebagai langkah pencegahan, hindari jajan sembarangan dan biasakan mengonsumsi makanan yang matang.
  • Menyentuh barang-barang yang terkontaminasi virus. Muntaber dapat menyebar jika anak Anda menyentuh benda yang sudah terkontaminasi. Benda tersebut dapat berupa meja, kursi, gagang pintu, hingga tuas kran air.


Cara Mengatasi Muntaber pada Anak-Anak

Penyakit muntaber dapat berlangsung selama 1 hingga 7 hari, tergantung pada tingkat peradangan yang terjadi. Sejauh ini tidak ada penanganan khusus untuk mengatasi muntaber, dan orang tua dapat menangani muntaber secara mandiri di rumah. Karena anak yang mengalami muntaber berisiko mengalami dehidrasi, maka penanganan yang utama adalah memastikan anak-anak tidak mengalami dehidrasi.

Beberapa cara mengatasi muntaber yang bisa diterapkan pada anak antara lain:

1. Memberi asupan cairan sesuai kebutuhan. Setiap anak selesai muntah atau buang air besar, segera beri anak asupan cairan untuk mengganti cairan yang hilang. Minuman yang bisa Anda berikan di antaranya air putih, oralit, atau ASI bagi bayi. Hindari memberikan anak-anak jus dengan kadar gula tinggi, soda atau minuman yang mengandung gula tinggi karena dapat memperparah diare.

2. Berikan makanan yang mudah dicerna. Anak yang mengalami muntaber biasanya diikuti dengan kehilangan nafsu makan. Akibatnya, jumlah nutrisi yang masuk tidak dapat mencukupi kebutuhan nutrisi harian. Untuk mengatasinya, Anda bisa memberikan makanan seperti sup kuah kaldu, bubur, atau biskuit yang mudah dicerna. Ketika frekuensi diare dan muntah mereda, Anda dapat mengembalikan menu makannya seperti semula.

3. Biarkan anak beristirahat dengan cukup. Kehilangan cairan akibat diare dan muntah biasanya membuat anak lemas, maka biarkan anak beristirahat hingga tenaganya pulih.

Muntaber merupakan salah satu penyakit yang dapat dialami oleh anak-anak terutama usia sekolah. Dengan mengetahui penyebab dan penularan muntaber diharapkan orang tua dapat mencegah anak-anak terkena muntaber. Apabila si kecil mengalami muntaber dan tidak kunjung membaik maka sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 11:42

Kids Health. Gastroenteritis. Available from: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/gastroenteritis.html#

Better Health Channel. Gastroenteritis in Children. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/gastroenteritis-in-children

Prescilla, R. (2018). Pediatric Gastroenteritis. Available from: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/964131-overview#a5

Mayo Clinic. Stomach flu: How long am i contagious?. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/viral-gastroenteritis/expert-answers/stomach-flu/faq-20057899

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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase4.83msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 363 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 363
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 779
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:55
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • menu_hover.blade.php#156mydatabase2.38msselect * from `videos` where `status` = 1 order by `updated_at` desc limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:156
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:361
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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