Tanda-Tanda Speech Delay (Keterlambatan Bicara) di Usia Balita

Tanda-Tanda Speech Delay (Keterlambatan Bicara) di Usia Balita
Credits: Freepik

Bagikan :

Keterlambatan bicara atau populer disebut dengan istilah speech delay adalah situasi di mana seorang anak belum mencapai tahap perkembangan bicara sebagaimana normal anak di usianya. Ini berarti anak mengalami keterlambatan mengembangkan keterampilan berbicara dan berbahasa sesuai anak seusianya.

Walaupun setiap anak berkembang sesuai dengan ritme masing-masing, keterlambatan bicara bisa terlihat signifikan dan biasanya berlanjut dalam perkembangannya. Anda perlu mengenali tanda-tanda keterlambatan bicara untuk mengejar perkembangan dan membantu anak mengembangkan keterampilan berbicara lebih baik.

 

Tanda-Tanda Speech Delay di Usia Balita

Tanda-tanda speech delay secara umum di usia balita, di antaranya:

  • Belum bisa berbicara lebih dari 25 kata di usia 2 tahun
  • Belum menggunakan kombinasi kata benda dan kata kerja atau frasa dua kata di usia 2,5 tahun
  • Belum bisa berbicara setidaknya 200 kata, tidak menanyakan nama suatu benda, sulit memahami perkataannya di usia 3 tahun
  • Di usia lebih dari 3 tahun tidak bisa mengucapkan kata-kata yang telah dipelajari sebelumnya

 

Baca Juga: Mitos dan Fakta Seputar Anak Bilingual, Benarkah Memicu Speech Delay?

 

Tonggak Perkembangan Bahasa Anak Balita

Keterlambatan berbicara anak yang satu dan yang lain bisa berbeda-beda gejalanya. Anda perlu mengetahui tonggak perkembangan anak-anak sejak usia 2 hingga 5 tahun untuk menyadari apa-apa saja yang belum anak miliki. Berikut adalah panduan tonggak perkembangan bahasa anak balita:

Usia 2-3 tahun

  • Bisa menggunakan kata dengan bunyi k, g, f, t, d dan n
  • Berbicara dalam bahasa anak-anak namun bisa dimengerti oleh keluarga atau teman
  • Mengenal hampir setiap benda yang ada di sekelilingnya dan mengetahui namanya
  • Menanyakan setiap benda yang menarik perhatian dan rasa ingin tahunya

Usia 3-4 tahun

  • Menanyakan pertanyaan sederhana seperti siapa itu? apa itu? di mana itu? mengapa?
  • Bisa mengikuti jalan cerita di televisi seperti anggota keluarga lainnya
  • Menyusun sebuah kalimat dengan empat kata atau lebih
  • Berbicara dengan mudah tanpa melakukan pengulangan atau gagap
  • Mendengar dan menyimak ketika ada orang lain yang memanggil namanya

Usia 4-5 tahun

  • Menyimak cerita dan bisa menjawab pertanyaan tentang cerita tersebut
  • Mengenali dan menyebutkan angka dan huruf
  • Menggunakan kata-kata berima dan tata bahasa orang dewasa
  • Berkomunikasi dengan mudah dengan anak-anak lain dan orang dewasa lainnya
  • Mengucapkan sebagian besar kata dengan benar
  • Menggunakan kalimat yang cukup terperinci
  • Bercerita dan tetap fokus pada topik pembicaraan
  • Mendengar dan mengerti apa yang diajarkan di sekolah

 

Baca Juga: Manfaat Membacakan Buku untuk Balita

 

Selain memantau apakah anak mencapai setiap tonggak perkembangannya, Anda juga harus mulai mendengarkan dan menyimak kata-kata dan kalimat yang diucapkannya. Apakah kata-kata yang diucapkannya tidak jelas? Apakah anak mengalami kesulitan mendengarkan? Apakah anak mengalami kesulitan merangkai kata?

Ketika Anda menyadari anak menghadapi masalah seperti gangguan pendengaran, gangguan pemrosesan, sering bicara gagap atau masalah bicara lain sebaiknya bawa dan periksakan anak ke dokter. Tindakan cepat dan tepat dapat membuat perbedaan besar dalam perkembangan anak dan memberikan peluang mengejar ketertinggalan lebih baik.

Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Rabu, 6 September 2023 | 08:04

Ann Pietrangelo (2019). Does My Toddler Have a Speech Delay?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/speech-delay-3-year-old-2 

Ann Logsdon (2020). Therapy for Preschool Speech and Language Delays. Available from: https://www.verywellfamily.com/signs-of-speech-and-language-delays-2162014 

Kids Health (2022). Delayed Speech or Language Development. Available from: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/not-talk.html 

Annie Stuart (2021). Spotting Developmental Delays in Your Child: Ages 3-5. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/parenting/recognizing-developmental-delays-your-child-ages-3-5 

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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase10.63msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6715 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9704
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:55
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:156
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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