Waspada Hal-Hal Yang Dapat Menyebabkan Bayi Lahir Prematur

Waspada Hal-Hal Yang Dapat Menyebabkan Bayi Lahir Prematur

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Normalnya, bayi akan dilahirkan pada usia kehamilan sekitar 40 minggu. Namun, tidak jarang ibu hamil melahirkan lebih cepat dari hari yang diperkirakan.

Disebut kelahiran prematur apabila adanya tanda-tanda persalinan seperti timbul kontraksi dan jalan lahir mulai membuka sebelum minggu ke-37 usia kehamilan. Kelahiran prematur ini sering dihubungkan dengan beberapa faktor yang memicu kelahiran prematur seperti dilansir Mayo Clinic berikut ini:

  • Riwayat melahirkan bayi prematur pada kehamilan sebelumnya
  • Hamil bayi kembar dua, tiga atau lebih
  • Kondisi leher rahim memendek
  • Adanya masalah pada rahim atau plasenta
  • Kebiasaan merokok
  • Adanya infeksi, misalnya infeksi air ketuban atau saluran kencing
  • Kondisi kronis seperti tekanan darah tinggi, diabetes, autoimun atau depresi
  • Kondisi yang membuat stres seperti kehilangan orang terdekat
  • Jumlah cairan ketuban terlalu banyak
  • Adanya perdarahan selama hamil
  • Kondisi janin cacat lahir
  • Jarak antara kehamilan yang terlalu singkat (di bawah 12 bulan) atau terlalu lama (lebih dari 59 bulan)

Dilansir Healthline, faktor sosial juga dapat menyebabkan risiko kelahiran prematur, antara lain seperti:

  • Usia ibu hamil kurang dari 16 tahun atau lebih dari 40 tahun
  • Kehamilan di luar nikah
  • Pelecehan fisik dan emosi
  • Penyalahgunaan alkohol dan obat terlarang serta kebiasaan merokok selama hamil
  • Kurangnya dukungan dari keluarga dan orang terdekat
  • Paparan zat kimia atau polutan
  • Bekerja dalam jam yang berlebihan

Cara mencegah kelahiran prematur

Kelahiran prematur tidak bisa dicegah saat itu juga, namun dengan pola hidup sehat maka risikonya dapat berkurang. Beberapa hal berikut seperti dilansir Mayo Clinic dapat membantu menurunkan risiko kelahiran bayi prematur:

  • Melakukan kontrol kehamilan secara rutin
  • Mengonsumsi makanan sehat
  • Menghindari zat kimia berbahaya
  • Mengatur jarak kehamilan
  • Mengontrol jumlah bayi kembar (apabila sedang menjalankan program bayi kembar)
  • Mengontrol kondisi kesehatan yang disebabkan penyakit kronis

Diagnosa

Jika sebelum usia kehamilan 37 minggu Anda mengalami kontraksi rahim yang teratur dan mulut rahim mulai terbuka, maka Anda harus memeriksakan diri. Untuk mengetahui apakah Anda akan segera melakukan persalinan atau ada gangguan kehamilan lain, umumnya ada beberapa tes yang perlu dilakukan antara lain:

  • Mengecek kondisi pembukaan
  • Pemeriksaan kondisi janin melalui USG
  • Pemantauan kondisi rahim untuk mengukur durasi dan jarak kontraksi
  • Tes laboratorium

Pengobatan

Apabila hasil diagnosa menunjukkan bahwa persalinan segera terjadi, maka tidak akan ada obat atau prosedur apapun untuk mencegahnya. Namun untuk membantu mencegah kematian bayi, maka dokter biasanya akan meresepkan beberapa obat seperti:

  • Kortikosteroid - yang digunakan untuk membantu mematangkan paru-paru janin, sehingga sewaktu-waktu ia dilahirkan janin bisa bertahan
  • Magnesium sulfate - adalah obat yang diresepkan ketika Anda memiliki risiko melahirkan prematur. Obat ini akan membantu mengurangi risiko kerusakan otak bayi apabila dilahirkan prematur
  • Tocolytics - adalah obat yang digunakan untuk mengontrol dan memperlambat kontaksi. Umumnya, obat ini akan diberikan sebelum kortikosteroid dan magnesium sulfate sehingga memberikan waktu obat lain bekerja

Proses persalinan bayi prematur tidak bisa dilakukan di rumah. Apabila Anda mengalami gejala-gejala kontraksi yang terus-menerus sebelum usia kehamilan 37 minggu, maka sebaiknya Anda memeriksakan diri ke rumah sakit dengan fasilitas yang lengkap.

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Kamis, 13 April 2023 | 14:53

Healthline Editorial. 2016. When Baby Comes Early: What Is Your Risk?. Available from : https://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/preterm-labor-risk-factors

Mayo Clinic. 2019. Preterm labor. Available from : https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/preterm-labor/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376848

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    • related-article.blade.php#8mydatabase6msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6743 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11mydatabase730μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 3 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase8.55msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7464 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7464
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:111
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:53
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:55
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:156
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:221
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:357
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:361
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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