Alergi Dingin, Kenali Gejala dan Pengobatannya

Alergi Dingin, Kenali Gejala dan Pengobatannya
Ilustrasi alergi dingin. Credit: Freepik

Bagikan :

Saat berada di suhu dingin, reaksi normal tubuh adalah merasa kedinginan atau menggigil. Namun pada beberapa orang, mereka dapat mengalami gatal-gatal, ruam kemerahan atau bentol-bentol saat berada di tempat yang dingin. Tanda-tanda tersebut bisa jadi merupakan gejala alergi dingin. Seperti apa alergi dingin dan bagaimana gejala serta pengobatannya? Yuk simak ulasannya berikut ini. 

 

Apa Itu Alergi Dingin?

Alergi bisa terjadi karena berbagai hal seperti makanan, debu atau bulu binatang. Pada beberapa orang, salah satu pemicu alergi adalah suhu dingin. Alergi dingin atau yang juga dikenal dengan istilah biduran dan cold urticaria, adalah reaksi kulit yang terjadi sebagai respon tubuh saat terpapar suhu dingin. Kondisi ini tergolong langka.

Individu dengan alergi dingin bisa mengalami ruam kulit setelah memakan atau meminum makanan yang dingin. Aktivitas seperti berenang atau mandi di air dingin dan berjalan kaki di cuaca yang dingin juga bisa memicu alergi dingin.

Baca Juga: Tanda-Tanda Jika Anda Alergi Makan Udang

 

Gejala Alergi Dingin

Gejala alergi dingin dapat berbeda-beda pada penderitanya. Gejala bisa langsung muncul dalam waktu 2-5 menit setelah Anda terpapar suhu dingin, atau baru muncul beberapa jam hingga beberapa hari setelah terpapar suhu dingin. Gejala juga bisa sembuh dalam 1-2 jam atau berhari-hari.

Selain itu, beberapa orang bisa hanya mengalami reaksi ringan saat cuaca dingin, namun sebagian lagi dapat mengalami reaksi alergi berat. Pada individu dengan alergi dingin yang berat, berenang di air dingin, atau berada di kondisi lembap dan berangin dapat memicu tekanan darah rendah atau pingsan. 

Beberapa gejala alergi dingin atau urtikaria dingin antara lain:

  • Gatal-gatal pada area kulit yang terkena dingin
  • Reaksi kulit yang memburuk atau sensasi terbakar saat kulit menghangat
  • Tangan bengkak saat memegang benda dingin
  • Bibir bengkak karena mengonsumsi makanan atau minuman dingin
  • Ruam kemerahan

Beberapa reaksi yang parah antara lain: 

  • Anafilaksis, yaitu reaksi alergi berat yang menyebabkan penurunan tekanan darah, pingsan, jantung berdebar kencang, pembengkakan pada anggota badan atau torso, dan syok
  • Pembengkakan pada lidah dan tenggorokan sehingga membuat penderitanya sulit bernapas

Baca Juga: Alergi Tabir Surya, Kenali Gejalanya

 

Pengobatan Alergi Dingin

Penanganan alergi dingin fokus pada meredakan atau mengelola gejala. Pada gejala ringan, reaksi alergi dapat sembuh dengan sendirinya setelah tidak terpapar suhu dingin.

Jika muncul gejala alergi dingin yang berat, penanganan alergi dingin dapat diatasi dengan beberapa cara berikut:

  • Obat antihistamin

Obat antihistamin digunakan untuk mencegah atau meminimalisir pelepasan histamin saat tubuh terpapar suhu dingin. Histamin adalah senyawa yang bisa dilepaskan tubuh sebagai respon terhadap antibodi yang muncul saat tubuh terpapar alergen. Antihistamin dapat diberikan sebelum paparan dingin untuk mencegah munculnya reaksi, atau setelah paparan untuk mengendalikan reaksi yang sudah muncul.

  • Desensitisasi

Desensitisasi merupakan salah satu cara pengobatan di mana Anda secara perlahan memaparkan tubuh pada suhu dingin. Contohnya, Anda bisa mulai mandi dengan air yang semakin dingin seiring berjalannya waktu ketika Anda sudah terbiasa. Desensitisasi dapat membantu tubuh Anda menyesuaikan diri dan mengontrol reaksinya terhadap suhu dingin. Namun hindari mencobanya sendiri tanpa berkonsultasi dengan dokter. 

  • Suntikan epinefrin

Pada kondisi gawat darurat, reaksi alergi berat bisa diperlambat dengan suntikan epinefrin. Anda bisa mendapat obat ini di rumah sakit.

 

Bisakah Alergi Dingin Dicegah?

Cara efektif untuk meredakan alergi dingin adalah dengan menjauhkan diri dari paparan suhu dingin. Gunakan pakaian hangat seperti sarung tangan, pakaian hangat, pelindung kepala jika Anda berada di suhu dingin. Saat akan berenang, periksa suhu air sebelum membenamkan diri di dalamnya dan hindari air yang sangat dingin. Untuk lebih amannya, sebaiknya cari kolam yang berpemanas atau mandi dengan air hangat. 

Alergi dingin juga dapat dipicu dari makanan dan minuman. Anda bisa mencegah alergi dingin dengan menghindari makanan dan minuman dingin. Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang alergi dingin dan keluhan yang Anda rasakan dengan memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan melalui aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh di App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Selasa, 19 Desember 2023 | 09:04

Mayo Clinic. Cold Urticaria. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cold-urticaria/symptoms-causes/syc-20371046

Silver, N. (2019). Can You Be Allergic to the Cold?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/cold-allergy

Cleveland Clinic. Cold Urticaria. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24629-cold-urticaria

Wahome, C. (2022). What Is Cold Urticaria?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/what-is-cold-urticaria

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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8mydatabase9.89msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10103 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10103
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8mydatabase9.99msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10247 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10247
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8mydatabase10.01msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10224 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10224
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase11.05msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10096 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10096
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase10.46msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1437 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase10.24msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5854 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5854
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase9.75msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10166 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10166
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase9.07msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3447 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3447
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase8.83msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8479 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8479
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase7.89msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7377 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7377
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:111
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:53
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • menu_hover.blade.php#55mydatabase710μsselect * from `categories` where `name` = 'Pemeriksaan A-Z' and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:55
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • menu_hover.blade.php#156mydatabase2.26msselect * from `videos` where `status` = 1 order by `updated_at` desc limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:156
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • menu_hover.blade.php#221mydatabase1.11msselect * from `booklets` where `is_published` = 1 order by `id` desc limit 1
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:221
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:357
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:361
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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