Asma: Penyebab dan Cara Mengatasinya

Asma: Penyebab dan Cara Mengatasinya

Bagikan :

Asma adalah sebuah kondisi di mana jalan pernapasan mengalami penyempitan dan pembengkakan serta memproduksi lendir berlebih. Ada kalanya asma memicu kesulitan bernapas dan batuk serta mengi. Biasanya gejala asma muncul dan memburuk karena faktor-faktor seperti suhu dingin, alergi, atau aktivitas berat, dan biasanya gejala memburuk di malam hari.

Gejala dan tanda bahaya

Dilansir NHS UK, secara umum gejala asma adalah sebagai berikut:

  • Suara mengi ketika bernapas
  • Kesulitan bernapas, bernapas terasa tidak bebas
  • Dada terasa sesak
  • Batuk

Tanda-tanda asma yang membutuhkan pertolongan pertama segera seperti dilansir Mayo Clinic dan NCBI antara lain:

  • Gejala sering datang dan menganggu tidur atau kegiatan lainnya
  • Kesulitan bernafas semakin meningkat sehingga dibutuhkan alat untuk membantu pernafasan
  • Anak mulai terlihat mengantuk dan tidak merespon, bibir serta ujung jari bisa mulai kebiruan

Macam-macam penyebab

Asma tidak hanya disebabkan satu hal saja, banyak sekali faktor yang dapat memicu peradangan dan penyempitan jalan nafas pada asma. Berikut adalah beberapa penyebab asma:

  • Alergi terhadap debu, serbuk sari, spora jamur, bulu hewan, bau kecoa, dan lain sebagainya
  • Infeksi pernapasan yang disebabkan pilek
  • Aktivitas fisik
  • Udara dingin
  • Polusi udara
  • Stres
  • Pengobatan tertentu seperti beta blockers, aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen dan lain sebagainya
  • Zat pengawet makanan
  • GERD

Faktor yang meningkatkan resiko seseorang mengidap asma, antara lain:

  • Ada riwayat keluarga yang juga mengidap asma
  • Memiliki riwayat alergi seperti atopic dermatitis atau alergi lain
  • Kelebihan berat badan
  • Perokok aktif
  • Perokok pasif
  • Sering terpapar polusi udara
  • Sering terpapar zat kimia, misalnya obat-obatan pertanian, obat kimia skala pabrikan, dan lain sebagainya

Cara mengatasi asma

Asma tidak dapat diobati dan akan menjadi penyakit kambuhan yang datang dan pergi. Selama gejalanya terkontrol dengan perawatan yang baik, penderita asma tetap bisa hidup normal dan melakukan banyak aktivitas seperti orang lain pada umumnya. Berikut adalah beberapa hal yang dapat mencegah gejala asma:

Mengikuti saran dokter

Konsultasikan kondisi Anda dengan dokter sehingga dokter dapat membantu perawatan untuk mencegah gejala memburuk. Dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan dan meresepkan obat yang bisa diminum untuk menekan asma yang disebabkan alergi. Konsumsi obat secara rutin dan jangan mengubah obat tanpa petunjuk dokter.

Mendapatkan vaksin influenza dan pneumonia

Vaksin influenza dan pneumonia dapat mencegah gejala asma memburuk. Sehingga tidak ada salahnya Anda mendapatkan kedua vaksinasi yang penting tersebut.

Ketahui pemicunya

Karena asma umumnya disebabkan faktor tertentu, sebisa mungkin hindari faktor pemicunya.

Identifikasi gejala awal

Dengan mengetahui gejala awal asma, maka Anda dapat menghindari gejalanya memburuk. Selalu siapkan inhaler ke manapun Anda pergi untuk membantu pernapasan saat gejala asma menyerang.

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 03:58

NHS UK (2021). Asthma. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/asthma/

Mayo Clinic Staff (2020). Asthma. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/symptoms-causes/syc-20369653

Hashmi M, Tariq M, Cataletto M (2021). Asthma. NCBI Statpearls. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430901/

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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase5.12msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5122 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5122
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 5663
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:53
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:55
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • menu_hover.blade.php#156mydatabase2.53msselect * from `videos` where `status` = 1 order by `updated_at` desc limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:156
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:221
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:357
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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