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  • Apa Sebenarnya Fomepizole yang Digunakan untuk Mengobati Gagal Ginjal Akut? 

Apa Sebenarnya Fomepizole yang Digunakan untuk Mengobati Gagal Ginjal Akut? 

Apa Sebenarnya Fomepizole yang Digunakan untuk Mengobati Gagal Ginjal Akut? 
Credits: Freepik

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Dalam beberapa waktu terakhir ini, Indonesia digemparkan oleh kasus Gangguan ginjal akut misterius yang menyerang anak-anak berusia 6 bulan sampai 18 tahun. Kasus Gangguan ginjal akut ini tidak diketahui dengan jelas apa penyebabnya, sehingga sampai hari ini Kemenkes bekerja sama dengan seluruh pihak terus menyelidikinya. 
 
Melihat adanya peningkatan kasus Gangguan ginjal tersebut, maka Kemenkes meminta agar seluruh masyarakat terutama orang tua tetap waspada dan tidak panik. Kemenkes juga tengah mengusahakan pemberian Fomepizole sebagai pengobatan pasien Gangguan Ginjal Akut Progresif Atipikal, yang akan diberikan secara gratis. 
 
 

Gangguan Ginjal Akut pada Anak dan Penyebabnya 

Gangguan ginjal akut adalah penurunan cepat dan tiba-tiba pada fungsi penyaringan ginjal. 
Biasanya ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar kreatinin darah atau peningkatan konsentrasi nitrogen-urea darah; dan/atau penurunan sampai tidak ada sama sekali produksi air kemih. Dalam beberapa kasus, kondisi ginjal dapat dikembalikan secara normal, tergantung pada seberapa besar kerusakannya. 
 
Ada banyak hal yang dapat menyebabkan Gangguan ginjal akut, di antaranya:
  • Berkurangnya aliran darah ke ginjal akibat pendarahan atau syok 
  • Tersumbatnya saluran kemih
  • Kondisi tertentu yang memperlambat atau menghentikan aliran oksigen ke ginjal
  • Sindrom uremik hemolitik yang disebabkan oleh infeksi E. coli 
  • Glomerulonefritis (peradangan pada glomerulus ginjal)
  • Efek samping dari obat tertentu yang menyebabkan problem ginjal 

 

Baca juga mengenai Sindrom Uremik Hemolitik

 

Gangguan Ginjal Akut yang Ditemukan di Indonesia 

Gangguan ginjal akut pada anak-anak yang ditemukan di Indonesia sebenarnya belum diketahui jelas apa penyebabnya. Namun sebagian pasien memiliki gejala yang menyertai seperti:  
  • Diare 
  • Muntah 
  • Demam selama 3-5 hari 
  • Batuk dan pilek 
  • Jarang berkemih atau tidak buang air kecil sama sekali 
Berdasarkan rilis dari WHO atas kasus di Gambia, di dalam tubuh pasien anak-anak yang mengalami Gangguan ginjal akut ditemukan adanya kerusakan ginjal akibat zat kimia yang ditemukan di dalam obat-obatan yang diminum di rumah. 
 
Untuk mencari tahu apa penyebab Gangguan ginjal akut yang dialami lebih dari 200 anak di Indonesia ini, Kemenkes telah meminta pengecekan terhadap obat-obatan sirup yang diduga tercemar etilen glikol seperti kasus yang terjadi di Gambia. 
 
 

Mengenal Fomepizole yang Digunakan untuk Mengobati Gangguan ginjal Akut

Fomepizole saat ini telah diupayakan oleh Kemenkes untuk digunakan mengobati pasien Gangguan ginjal akut. Dikatakan bahwa dengan mengonsumsi fomepizole maka pasien AKI yang sebelumnya tidak buang air kecil, bisa buang air kecil; anak yang semula tidak sadar menjadi sadar. Sebenarnya apakah fomepizole?
 
Fomepizole adalah penangkal yang digunakan untuk mengobati keracunan akibat etilen glikol (antibeku) atau metanol yang terkandung di dalam bahan bakar, bahan kimia rumah tangga atau otomotif. Biasanya, fomepizole ini digunakan bersama dengan hemodialisis 'cuci darah' untuk membersihkan tubuh dari racun. 
 
Fomepizole dipertimbangkan digunakan bersamaan dengan hemodialisis untuk mengoreksi kelainan metabolik dan untuk menurunkan konsentrasi etilen glikol di bawah 50mg/dL. 
 
 

Efek Samping Fomepizole 

Dosis pemberian Fomepizole disesuaikan dengan kondisi setiap pasien. Anda mungkin perlu mewaspadai munculnya efek samping setelah mengonsumsi obat ini, di antaranya:
  • Ruam kemerahan pada kulit 
  • Heartburn 
  • Mual 
  • Muntah 
  • Diare 
  • Kehilangan nafsu makan 
  • Rasa kantuk yang sulit ditahan
  • Kecemasan 
  • Sakit kepala 
  • Rasa seperti metal di dalam mulut 
  • Perasaan seperti mabuk 
  • Sakit punggung 
  • Sakit tenggorokan 
  • Telinga berdenging 
  • Perubahan penglihatan 
  • Perubahan pada indera penciuman dan perasa 
Pun demikian, Anda tidak perlu khawatir, karena pemberian obat tersebut berada di bawah pengawasan dokter. Dokter juga akan terus memantau pernapasan, tekanan darah, kadar oksigen, fungsi ginjal, dan tanda vital lain saat mengonsumsi fomepizole. 
 
Diharapkan dengan pemberian Fomepizole, anak-anak yang mengalami Gangguan ginjal akut dapat diselamatkan dan angka kematian dapat ditekan seminim mungkin. Selain itu, selama penelitian terhadap obat-obatan sirup yang beredar bebas belum jelas hasilnya, pastikan untuk selalu berkonsultasi dengan dokter apabila anak mengalami demam, batuk, pilek, atau membutuhkan pengobatan untuk mengatasi gejalanya. Hindari memberi pengobatan pada anak tanpa pengawasan dokter. 
 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Selasa, 11 April 2023 | 17:51

Everyday Health (2020). Fomepizole (Antizol). Available from: https://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/fomepizole

Medicine.net (2021). Antizol (fomepizole). Available from: https://www.medicinenet.com/antizol_fomepizole/article.htm

Setkab RI (2022). Penjelasan Menkes tentang Kasus Gangguan Ginjal Akut pada Anak. Available from: https://setkab.go.id/penjelasan-menkes-tentang-kasus-gangguan-ginjal-akut-pada-anak/

dr. Siti Nadia Tarmizi, M.Epid (2022). Obat Ganggguan Ginjal Akan Diberikan Secara Gratis. Available from: https://sehatnegeriku.kemkes.go.id/baca/rilis-media/20221025/3641362/obat-gangguan-ginjal-akan-diberikan-secara-gratis/

UPK Kemkes (2022). Waspadai Gagal Ginjal Akut pada Anak. Available from: https://upk.kemkes.go.id/new/waspadai-gagal-ginjal-akut-pada-anak

Stanford Medicine Children's Health. Kidney Disease in Children. Available from: https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=kidney-disease-in-children-90-P03111

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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8mydatabase5.23msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8424 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8424
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8mydatabase4.84msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8418 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8418
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8mydatabase5.32msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5310 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5310
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase4.64msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5472 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5472
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase5.25msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7815 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7815
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase5.18msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4951 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4951
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase5.54msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8361 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8361
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase5.4msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5178 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5178
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase4.74msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9996 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9996
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 8383
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:111
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:53
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • menu_hover.blade.php#54mydatabase710μsselect * from `categories` where `name` = 'Obat A-Z' and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: Obat A-Z
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • menu_hover.blade.php#55mydatabase650μsselect * from `categories` where `name` = 'Pemeriksaan A-Z' and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: Pemeriksaan A-Z
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:55
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • menu_hover.blade.php#156mydatabase2.49msselect * from `videos` where `status` = 1 order by `updated_at` desc limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:156
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • menu_hover.blade.php#221mydatabase990μsselect * from `booklets` where `is_published` = 1 order by `id` desc limit 1
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:221
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#357mydatabase870μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:357
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:361
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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    App\Models\Admin\Video
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    App\Models\Admin\Booklet
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