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Ketahui Gejala Achondroplasia, Kelainan Pertumbuhan Tulang yang Menyebabkan Tubuh Kerdil

Ketahui Gejala Achondroplasia, Kelainan Pertumbuhan Tulang yang Menyebabkan Tubuh Kerdil
Ilustrasi pasien achondroplasia. Credits: Freepik

Bagikan :

Achondroplasia adalah kelainan pertumbuhan tulang yang paling umum, yang dapat menyebabkan seseorang memiliki tubuh berukuran kerdil. Kondisi ini disebabkan oleh kelainan genetik, di mana tinggi badan rata-rata orang dewasa dengan achondroplasia biasanya hanya sekitar 120-135 cm.

Selain perawakan yang pendek, dalam jangka panjang orang dengan achondroplasia bisa mengalami masalah kesehatan lain, seperti kesulitan bernapas, gangguan telinga, atau penumpukan cairan di otak. Kenali apa saja gejala achondroplasia dan bagaimana penanganannya.

 

Apa itu Achondroplasia?

Achondroplasia adalah salah satu bentuk dwarfisme (tubuh kerdil) yang disebabkan oleh mutasi genetik pada gen FGFR3. Mutasi ini mengganggu proses pembentukan tulang rawan menjadi tulang keras, terutama pada tulang panjang seperti lengan dan kaki. Kondisi ini  bersifat dominan secara genetik, artinya hanya dengan satu salinan gen yang rusak sudah cukup untuk menyebabkan achondroplasia.

Meskipun merupakan kelainan genetik, sebagian besar kasus achondroplasia muncul sebagai mutasi baru dan tidak diwariskan dari orang tua. Orang tua yang memiliki achondroplasia memiliki peluang 50% untuk menurunkan kondisi ini kepada anaknya. Namun, sekitar 80% kasus achondroplasia tidak memiliki riwayat keluarga, melainkan terjadi sebagai mutasi genetik spontan saat perkembangan embrio. 

Baca Juga: Polidaktili, Kelainan Memiliki Lebih Banyak Jari Tangan atau Kaki

 

Gejala Achondroplasia

Selama kehamilan, pemeriksaan USG (ultrasonografi) digunakan untuk memantau kondisi janin. Jika pada pemeriksaan USG ditemukan cairan ketuban yang berlebihan dan panjang tulang yang tampak abnormal, hal ini dapat menjadi tanda kemungkinan janin mengalami achondroplasia.

Berikut beberapa gejala khas achondroplasia pada anak-anak:

  • Tinggi badan jauh di bawah rata-rata, di mana pertumbuhan tulang panjang tidak optimal, menyebabkan tubuh menjadi lebih pendek dari anak-anak seusianya.
  • Ukuran lengan dan kaki lebih pendek dibandingkan dengan tubuh bagian atas, terutama pada lengan dan paha, memberikan tampilan tubuh yang tidak proporsional.
  • Jari-jari tangan yang lebih pendek dan memiliki bentuk seperti garpu tiga (trident hand), serta jari-jari tampak menyebar.
  • Ukuran kepala yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan anak-anak lainnya, dengan dahi yang tampak lebih menonjol dan hidung yang datar di bagian batangnya.
  • Tonus otot yang lemah sehingga menyebabkan keterlambatan dalam perkembangan motorik seperti duduk, merangkak, atau berjalan.

Baca Juga: Heterokromia, Kelainan Penyebab Warna Mata Berbeda

 

Cara Menangani Achondroplasia

Achondroplasia dapat didiagnosis segera setelah lahir, atau bahkan saat masih di dalam kandungan melalui pemeriksaan USG. Kondisi genetik ini tidak dapat disembuhkan, fokus penanganan dilakukan untuk mengelola gejala dan mencegah komplikasi, di antaranya:

  • Terapi fisik untuk meningkatkan kekuatan otot dan kemampuan motorik anak-anak.
  • Operasi untuk mengoreksi bentuk tulang belakang atau memperbaiki masalah yang disebabkan oleh kelainan tulang.
  • Pemantauan pertumbuhan secara teratur untuk memastikan anak tumbuh dengan baik, serta mencegah dan mengobati komplikasi yang terjadi.

 

Penting untuk mengenali tanda-tanda achondroplasia sejak dini agar dapat memberikan penanganan yang tepat dan mendukung perkembangan anak secara optimal. Dengan dukungan medis yang tepat, anak dengan achondroplasia dapat menjalani kehidupan yang sehat.

Memiliki pertanyaan lain terkait achondroplasia? Anda bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan pada aplikasi Ai Care dengan mengunduhnya melalui App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainya? Cek di sini, yah!

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Jumat, 29 November 2024 | 11:40

Nationwide Children's. Achondroplasia. Available from: https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/achondroplasia 

John Hopkins Medicine. Achondroplasia. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/achondroplasia 

Cleveland Clinic (2021). Achondroplasia. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22183-achondroplasia 

Medline Plus (2023). Achondroplasia. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/achondroplasia/ 

Kids Health (2023). Dwarfism. Available from: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/dwarfism.html 

Mary Anne Dunkin (2024). Dwarfism. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/children/dwarfism-causes-treatments 

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Lordosis (Swayback). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23908-lordosis 

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      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8mydatabase6.3msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9809 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9815
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 5486
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase6.6msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3573 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase6.48msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8789 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8789
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase6.45msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4167 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4167
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase6.56msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2652 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2652
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:111
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:53
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:55
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • menu_hover.blade.php#156mydatabase2.82msselect * from `videos` where `status` = 1 order by `updated_at` desc limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:156
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • menu_hover.blade.php#221mydatabase1.21msselect * from `booklets` where `is_published` = 1 order by `id` desc limit 1
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:221
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:357
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:361
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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        #12025-05-24 08:28:38GET/penyakit/ketahui-gejala-achondroplasia-kelainan-pertumbuhan-tulang-yang-menyebabkan-tubuh-kerdil31238103