Mengenal Jenis-Jenis Buta Warna

Mengenal Jenis-Jenis Buta Warna
Ilustrasi tes buta warna.

Bagikan :

Saat mendengar istilah buta warna, orang sering berangapan bahwa kondisi buta warna berarti seseorang hanya bisa melihat sekeliling dengan warna hitam dan putih saja. Hal ini tidak sepenuhnya benar. Orang yang buta warna tetap dapat melihat beberapa warna lain yang dikenal dengan istilah buta warna parsial.

 

Penyebab Buta Warna

Buta warna adalah kondisi di mana seseorang kesulitan membedakan warna, baik sejumlah warna tertentu (buta warna parsial) maupun buta warna total. Untuk menangkap warna, mata memiliki sel saraf khusus yang mengandung pigmen yang bereaksi pada warna dan cahaya. Sel saraf kerucut ini memiliki tiga pigmen yang bertugas mengenali warna merah, hijau dan biru. Pada orang dengan buta warna, sel saraf ini mengalami kerusakan sehingga mata tidak dapat mengenali warna tertentu atau seluruhnya.

Kondisi ini disebabkan oleh adanya kelainan gen yang diturunkan dari orang tua ke anak. Selain kelainan gen, kerusakan saraf ini dapat disebabkan oleh penyakit diabetes, efek samping obat, paparan zat kimia dan cedera pada mata. Orang yang mengalami buta warna umumnya mengalami kondisi ini sejak lahir, sehingga sejak kecil kesulitan mengenali warna.

 

Jenis-Jenis Buta Warna

Buta warna dapat dibagi menjadi dua kategori yaitu buta warna parsial dan buta warna total. Pada buta warna total, orang tidak dapat mengenali keseluruhan warna. Warna yang dikenali adalah warna putih, abu-abu dan hitam. Sedangkan pada buta warna parsial dapat dibagi menjadi dua kategori yaitu buta warna merah-hijau dan buta warna biru-kuning.

 

1. Buta warna merah-hijau

Buta warna ini merupakan buta warna yang paling banyak dialami. Kondisi ini terjadi akibat rusaknya sel kerucut merah atau sel kerucut hijau. Buta warna jenis ini dapat dibagi menjadi empat macam, yaitu:

Gambar: Penglihatan Normal & Deuteranopia

  • Deuteranopia

Mata tidak memiliki sel kerucut hijau sehingga individu yang mengalaminya melihat warna merah mejadi kuning kecoklatan dan warna hijau menjadi krem.

Gambar: Penglihatan Normal & Protanopia

  • Protanopia

Pada kasus ini tidak terdapat sel kerucut merah sehingga warna merah terlihat hitam, warna jingga dan hijau akan terlihat kuning serta orang akan kesulitan membedakan warna ungu dan biru.

  • Protanomali

Gangguan ini membuat seseorang melihat warna cerah seperti jingga, kuning dan merah tampak seperti warna hijau. Sedangkan bagi pengidap protanomali, warna hijau akan tampak tidak pucat atau pudar, tidak secerah warna aslinya.

  • Deuteranomali

Orang yang mengalami deuteranomali akan melihat warna hijau dan kuning tampak seperti warna merah. Ini adalah jenis buta warna yang paling umum.

 

2. Buta warna biru-kuning

Buta warna jenis ini termasuk yang jarang terjadi. Pada buta warna jenis ini orang akan sulit membedakan antara warna biru dengan hijau dan kuning dengan merah. Buta warna jenis ini dapat dibedakan menjadi dua, yaitu:

Color Blind Normal Color Vision

Color Blind Normal Color Vision

Color Blind Protan

Color Blind Protan

Gambar: Penglihatan Normal & Tritanomali

  • Tritanomali

Buta warna jenis ini terjadi ketika ada ganguan foto pigmen biru sehingga biru dan hijau terlihat sama, serta merah dan kuning juga terlihat serupa.

Gambar: Penglihatan Normal & Tritanopia

  • Tritanopia

Buta warna jenis ini terjadi ketika tidak ada sel kerucut biru yang menyebabkan warna biru lebih tampak seperti hijau dan warna kuning terlihat seperti ungu atau abu-abu.

 

Terapi buta warna

Kondisi buta warna disebabkan oleh kerusakan atau tidak adanya sel saraf tertentu sehingga hal ini tidak dapat disembuhkan. Namun kondisi ini tidak mengganggu sehingga umumnya tidak perlu penanganan khusus.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Kamis, 19 Oktober 2023 | 03:59

Marechal M, Delbarre M, Berguiga M, Benisty D, Froussart-Maille F. Dyschromatopsies hereditaires : physiologie, classification, diagnostic et application à l’aéronautique [Hereditary color vision deficiency: Physiology, classification, diagnosis and application to aeronautics]. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2019 Feb;42(2):177-188. French. doi: 10.1016/j.jfo.2018.05.018. Epub 2019 Jan 29. PMID: 30704748.

American Optometric Association. Color Vision Deficiency. https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/eye-and-vision-conditions/color-vision-deficiency

Mulligan K. What Do Color Blind People See?. Enchroma. https://enchroma.com/blogs/beyond-color/how-color-blind-see

 

Color Blind Awareness. Types of Color Blindness. https://www.colourblindawareness.org/colour-blindness/types-of-colour-blindness/ 

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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase4.72msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6164 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase4.7msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4935 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4935
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 1897
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 2613
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:53
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:55
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:156
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:357
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:361
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\User
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