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Rentan Menyerang Anak, Ini Cara Pencegahan Hepatitis Akut di Masyarakat

Rentan Menyerang Anak, Ini Cara Pencegahan Hepatitis Akut di Masyarakat
Credit: Freepik

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Berawal dari 10 kasus hepatitis akut yang dialami anak-anak dan beberapa di antaranya menyebabkan kematian, pada 15 April 2022 WHO telah menetapkan kasus hepatitis akut yang terjadi di beberapa negara sebagai Kejadian Luar Biasa. Menurut laporan WHO, hingga 21 April 2022 telah tercatat 169 kasus yang dilaporkan di 12 negara-negara di Eropa dan Amerika Serikat. Sampai saat ini sebagian besar kasus hepatitis akut tersebut dialami oleh anak-anak usia 1 bulan hingga 16 tahun dengan penyebab yang belum diketahui.

Di Indonesia, kewaspadaan terhadap kasus yang dikenal sebagai Hepatitis Akut yang Tidak Diketahui Etiologinya ini meningkat setelah tiga pasien anak yang dirawat di RSUPN DR. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta meninggal dunia akibat hepatitis akut tersebut. Kementerian Kesehatan kemudian merekomendasikan sejumlah langkah pencegahan untuk menekan penularan hepatitis akut di masyarakat.

 

Cara Pencegahan Hepatitis Akut 

Hepatitis adalah peradangan hati atau liver yang umumnya disebabkan oleh virus. Namun pada hepatitis akut ini, hingga kini belum diketahui penyebabnya. Hasil pemeriksaan tidak menemukan adanya infeksi virus yang menyebabkan peradangan pada hati, namun sejumlah pemeriksaan menujukkan adanya infeksi adenovirus dan sejumlah kasus terdeteksi sebagai infeksi yang bersamaan antara Covid-19 dengan adenovirus.

Adenovirus merupakan kumpulan virus yang dapat menyebabkan berbagai infeksi seperti infeksi di mata dan sistem saraf, namun utamanya menyerang saluran pernapasan atas dan saluran pencernaan. Beberapa gejala klinis yang muncul pada pasien antara lain mual, muntah, diare berat, demam, kuning, kejang dan penurunan kesadaran. Untuk mengantisipasi peningkatan kasus hepatitis akut, berikut langkah pencegahan yang bisa dilakukan:

1. Rutin mencuci tangan menggunakan sabun

Adenovirus dapat menular melalui droplet yang keluar saat penderita batuk, bersin atau menyentuh permukaan benda yang sudah terkontaminasi virus. Untuk itu, dianjurkan rutin mencuci tangan dengan sabun dan air yang mengalir agar mematikan virus di sekitar.

2. Mencuci seluruh bahan makanan hingga bersih

Adenovirus yang menyebabkan gangguan pencernaan juga dapat ditularkan dari konsumsi makanan dan minuman yang terkontaminasi atau terpapar feses yang mengandung virus. Karenanya, pastikan makanan dan minuman di rumah telah diolah dengan matang dan bersih.

3. Menggunakan alat makan sendiri

Hepatitis akut yang menular dapat dicegah dengan tidak bergantian menggunakan alat makan. Jika anak-anak makan di luar rumah, dianjurkan untuk membawa alat makan pribadi. Selain alat makan, dianjurkan untuk tidak berbagi alat-alat pribadi seperti sikat gigi dan gunting kuku.

4. Mengurangi kontak dengan orang yang sedang sakit

Untuk mencegah penularan, sebaiknya jauhkan anak-anak dari orang yang sedang sakit. Sebaiknya, hindari mengajak anak untuk menjenguk orang sakit, atau selalu gunakan masker pada anak jika sedang berada di tengah orang-orang yang sedang sakit.

5. Menjaga kebersihan

Langkah lain yang bisa dilakukan untuk mencegah penularan hepatitis akut adalah dengan menjaga kebersihan. Bersihkan permukaan bagian rumah yang sering disentuh seperti gagang pintu dan kran dengan desinfektan secara rutin untuk membunuh kuman dan virus. Selain itu, bagi orang tua dengan balita dianjurkan membuang popok sekali pakai dengan aman di tempat sampah dan membiasakan anak cuci tangan setelah buang air kecil dan besar.

6. Mematuhi protokol kesehatan

Selain langkah-langkah pencegahan di atas, masyarakat diimbau untuk tetap menerapkan protokol kesehatan seperti menggunakan masker, menjaga jarak, dan mengurangi mobilitas.

 

Saat ini hepatitis akut masih menjadi perhatian khusus di beberapa negara. Apabila anak Anda menunjukkan gejala awal seperti diare, demam, mual dan muntah maka sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter. Tak perlu menunggu anak menunjukkan gejala peyakit kuning baru membawanya ke layanan kesehatan terdekat. Semakin dini deteksi dan penanganan pada kasus hepatitis maka risiko anak mengalami kerusakan hati yang parah akan semakin kecil.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Kamis, 13 April 2023 | 19:39

Sehat Negeriku Kemkes. (2022). Hepatitis Akut Menular Lewat Saluran Cerna dan Saluran Pernafasan, Begini Cara Mencegahnya. Available from: https://sehatnegeriku.kemkes.go.id/baca/umum/20220505/1239785/hepatitis-akut-menular-lewat-saluran-cerna-dan-saluran-pernafasan-begini-cara-mencegahnya/

Sehat Negeriku Kemkes. (2022). Masyarakat Agar Waspada Setelah 3 Pasien Anak Dengan Hepatitis Akut Meninggal Dunia. Available from: https://sehatnegeriku.kemkes.go.id/baca/rilis-media/20220501/3939769/masyarakat-agar-waspada-setelah-3-pasien-anak-dengan-hepatitis-akut-meninggal-dunia/

WHO. (2022). Multi-Country – Acute, severe hepatitis of unknown origin in children. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON376

WebMD. (2021). Understanding Hepatitis -- Basics and Prevention. Avaiable from: https://www.webmd.com/hepatitis/understanding-hepatitis-basics

 

WebMD. (2020). What Are Adenovirus Infections?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/children/adenovirus-infections

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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8mydatabase9.76msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6123 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 6893
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase9.47msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1589 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase8.91msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4981 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase8.72msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1663 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:55
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:156
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:357
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:361
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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