Gejala PCOS, ini yang perlu diwaspadai

Gejala PCOS, ini yang perlu diwaspadai

Daftar Isi


Daftar Isi Tidak Ditemukan

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PCOS atau polycystic ovary syndrome adalah kondisi di mana ovarium menghasilkan jumlah androgen yang tidak normal. Hormon seksual ini biasanya ada pada pria maupun wanita, namun normalnya pada wanita jumlahnya kecil.

Dilansir Hopkins Medicine, PCOS digambarkan dengan banyaknya kista kecil (kantung berisi cairan) yang terbentuk di ovarium.

Tidak jelas apa yang dapat menyebabkan wanita mengalami PCOS, namun dugaan para ilmuwan terkait pada kadar insulin di dalam tubuh. Ketika kadar insulin ini menumpuk, maka dapat menyebabkan androgen meningkat. Obesitas juga dapat meningkatkan kadar insulin dan memperburuk gejala PCOS.

Dilansir Mayo Clinic, ada beberapa faktor lain yang dapat menyebabkan PCOS, antara lain:

  • Adanya peradangan tingkat rendah dalam tubuh

Produksi sel darah putih untuk melawan infeksi menyebabkan peradangan tingkat rendah, yang merangsang ovarium polikistik memproduksi androgen, yang dapat menyebabkan masalah jantung dan pembuluh darah.

  • Riwayat genetik

Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan antara riwayat genetik dengan PCOS yang dialami seseorang

Gejala PCOS

PCOS ditunjukkan dengan beberapa gejala, seperti dilansir Mayo Clinic berikut:

  • Menstruasi tidak lancar
  • Menstruasi yang kadang datang atau tidak, tidak teratur, atau berkepanjangan adalah tanda PCOS paling umum.
  • Kelebihan androgen
  • Adanya peningkatan hormon pria yang ditandai dengan tumbuhnya rambut wajah di tubuh secara berlebihan, munculnya jerawat yang parah, adanya pola kebotakan pria.
  • Ovarium polikistik

Adalah pembesaran indung telur yang mengandung folikel-folikel yang mengelilingi telur. Hal ini menyebabkan gagalnya ovarium berfungsi secara teratur.

Komplikasi

Bila dibiarkan tanpa pengobatan atau perawatan, PCOS dapat menyebabkan komplikasi seperti berikut:

  • Kemandulan
  • Diabetes atau tekanan darah tinggi saat sedang hamil
  • Keguguran atau kelahiran prematur
  • Peradangan liver yang disebabkan penumpukan lemak pada liver
  • Sindrom metabolisme
  • Diabetes tipe 2 atau pradiabetes
  • Sleep apnea
  • Depresi, kecemasan dan gangguan makan
  • Pendarahan uterus yang abnormal
  • Kanker lapisan rahim
  • Diagnosa

Umumnya saat mendiagnosa PCOS, dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan fisik khususnya di area panggul serta organ reproduksi baik di luar maupun di dalam. Menurut Hopkins Medicine, ada beberapa tes yang dapat membantu mendeteksi PCOS, seperti:

  • USG

Tes yang dilakukan untuk menggambarkan kondisi pembuluh darah, jaringan lunak, dan organ di dalam rahim yang ditumbuhi kista. Lewat USG juga dapat diketahui ketebalan lapisan rahim.

  • Tes darah

Tes ini bermanfaat untuk mengetahui kadar androgen dan hormon lain, serta mengetahui kadar glukosa dalam darah dan juga kolesterol, dan trigliserida.

  • Pengobatan

Untuk memperlancar siklus menstruasi, dokter akan menyarankan pengobatan seperti dilansir Mayo Clinic sebagai berikut:

  • Kombinasi pil KB - yang mengandung estrogen dan progestin sehinngga dapat menurunkan produksi androgen dan mengatur estrogen agar seimbang
  • Terapi progestin - mengonsumsi progestin setidaknya 10-14 hari setiap satu atau dua bulan sekali untuk memperlancar haid dan mencegah kanker endometrial

Selain itu, untuk mencegah PCOS Anda disarankan untuk menjaga berat badan, membatasi asupan karbohidrat dan tetap bergerak aktif agar kadar glukosa dalam darah tetap seimbang.

 

Ditulis oleh Agatha | Diulas secara medis oleh dr. Ayu Munawaroh | Diperbarui pada 2 November 2021.

Sumber:

  1. Mayo Clinic. Polycystic ovary syndrome: PCOS (2020). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pcos/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353443.
  2. Hopkins Medicine. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos.
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:55
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • menu_hover.blade.php#156mydatabase2.48msselect * from `videos` where `status` = 1 order by `updated_at` desc limit 1
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:156
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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