Benarkah Pemberian Vaksin dapat Menyebabkan Autisme?

Benarkah Pemberian Vaksin dapat Menyebabkan Autisme?
Credit: Freepik

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Pemberian vaksin pada bayi bertujuan untuk menciptakan kekebalan tubuh yang dapat memberi perlindungan sejumlah penyakit berbahaya. Namun, banyak orang tua yang enggan memberikan vaksin pada anak-anak karena khawatir vaksin justru menyebabkan masalah kesehatan lainnya, salah satunya autisme. Benarkah demikian?

 

Mengapa Vaksin Diberitakan dapat Menyebabkan Autisme?

Isu bahwa vaksin dapat menyebabkan autisme masih berkembang luas di tengah masyarakat Indonesia. Vaksin yang diduga dapat meningkatkan risiko autisme adalah vaksin MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella).

Dilansir dari WebMD, isu vaksin dapat menyebabkan autisme berawal dari sebuah penelitian yang menyebutkan bahwa pemberian vaksin MMR dapat menyebabkan anak mengalami gangguan spektrum autisme.

Penelitian tersebut melibatkan 12 anak dan hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa vaksin MMR dapat menyebabkan autisme. Jumlah sampel yang terlalu sedikit dianggap tidak dapat memberi gambaran yang lebih luas mengenai efek samping vaksin.

Meskipun penelitian tersebut telah dilabeli fraud oleh England’s General Medical Counsel, namun isu vaksin menyebabkan autisme telanjur beredar di masyarakat dan menyebabkan masyarakat ragu untuk memberi vaksin pada anak-anak.

Adanya penelitian tersebut kemudian menjadi dasar penelitian lain untuk menelusuri hubungan antara vaksinasi dan autisme. Setidaknya ada 12 penelitian yang mencoba membuktikan hubungan antara vaksin dengan autisme namun hingga kini tidak ada bukti yang menguatkan kesimpulan bahwa vaksin menyebabkan autisme.

Di tahun 2010, England’s General Medical Counsel menyatakan bahwa penelitian yang menyebutkan bahwa vaksin MMR dapat menyebabkan autisme tidak hanya berdasarkan pada dasar penelitian yang buruk tetapi juga terkait penipuan dan pemalsuan yang disengaja.

WHO bersama otoritas kesehatan Amerika Serikat dan Inggris kemudian mengolah hasil penelitian yang mengaitkan efek vaksin dengan autisme pada anak-anak.

 

Manfaat dan Efek Samping Vaksinasi

WHO menegaskan bahwa secara umum pemberian vaksinasi adalah aman dan tidak menyebabkan efek samping berbahaya. Pemberian vaksin bukan hanya dapat melindungi diri sendiri dari penyakit berbahaya namun juga dapat melindungi orang lain dari penyakit tersebut.

Dengan pemberian vaksin, Anda dapat membantu pencegahan penularan penyakit dan mencegah terjadinya wabah. Sejak marak pemberian vaksin, sejumlah penyakit berbahaya seperti cacar air, polio dan tetanus yang menyebabkan kematian kini sudah sangat jarang dijumpai di masyarakat.

Dilansir dari NHS, penyakit lainnya seperti difteri dan campak kini sudah berkurang hingga lebih dari 90% setelah ditemukannya vaksin. Namun jika masyarakat berhenti menggunakan vaksin, bukan tidak mungkin penyakit tersebut akan muncul kembali.

Seperti halnya tindakan medis lainnya, pemberian vaksin juga memiliki efek samping, namun umumnya tidak berbahaya. Beberapa efek samping yang sering muncul setelah vaksin di antaranya:

  • Demam
  • Nyeri pada lokasi yang disuntik
  • Kemerahan dan bengkak pada bekas suntikan
  • Muncul gejala mirip penyakit flu (demam, sakit kepala, nafsu makan menurun, badan lemas)

Efek samping tersebut dapat diatasi dengan melakukan perawatan rumahan seperti minum obat pereda panas dan pereda nyeri, mengompres area yang nyeri, mencukupi cairan tubuh dan memperbanyak istirahat.

Apabila efek samping tersebut menyebabkan demam lebih tinggi dari 38 derajat Celcius, terasa sendi kaku dan menyebabkan radang paru pada anak maka sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter. Kondisi tersebut dapat disebabkan oleh masalah kekebalan pada anak namun hal ini sangat jarang terjadi.

 

Pemberian vaksin baik pada anak-anak maupun orang tua merupakan prosedur yang aman dan bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Bagi orang tua, sebaiknya penuhi jadwal vaksinasi pada anak-anak sebagai bentuk perlindungan dari berbagai penyakit berbahaya. Konsultasikan dengan dokter mengenai jadwal pemberian vaksin, termasuk jika si kecil terlewat jadwal vaksin.

Mau tahu tips dan trik kesehatan, pertolongan pertama, dan home remedies lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 00:06

Kids Health. Is There a Connection Between Vaccines and Autism?. Available from: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/autism-studies.html

Bruce, D. (2022). Do Vaccines Cause Autism. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/brain/autism/do-vaccines-cause-autism

CDC. Autism and Vaccines. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/concerns/autism.html

 

Sehat Negeriku. Hoax Imunisasi Masih Beredar. Available from: https://sehatnegeriku.kemkes.go.id/baca/umum/20190501/4230135/hoax-imunisasi-masih-beredar/

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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8mydatabase9.92msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7494 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7494
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase9.97msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1549 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1549
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 944
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase10.04msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5502 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5502
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase12.3msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6181 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6181
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase5.96msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1645 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1645
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8mydatabase10.76msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3305 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3305
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:53
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:55
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:156
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.menu_hover:221
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:357
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:361
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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